diff --git a/.github/workflows/unittest.yml b/.github/workflows/unittest.yml
index 83a8280132e9..7c97e149daa1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/unittest.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/unittest.yml
@@ -13,11 +13,40 @@ permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
+  initialize:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      matrix: ${{ steps.set-matrix.outputs.matrix }}
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - name: Setup Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.10"
+    - name: Get package shards
+      id: set-matrix
+      env:
+        BUILD_TYPE: presubmit
+        TARGET_BRANCH: ${{ github.base_ref || github.event.merge_group.base_ref }}
+      run: |
+        if [ -n "$TARGET_BRANCH" ]; then
+          git fetch origin "$TARGET_BRANCH" --deepen=200 || true
+        fi
+        echo "matrix=$(python3 ci/get_package_shards.py)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
   unit:
+    needs: initialize
+    if: needs.initialize.outputs.matrix != '[]' && needs.initialize.outputs.matrix != ''
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: true
       matrix:
         python: ['3.9', '3.10', "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        package_shard: ${{ fromJson(needs.initialize.outputs.matrix) }}
+    name: ${{ matrix.package_shard.is_sharded && format('unit ({0}, {1})', matrix.python, matrix.package_shard.name) || format('unit ({0})', matrix.python) }}
     steps:
     - name: Checkout
       uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -34,20 +63,40 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         python -m pip install --upgrade setuptools pip wheel
         python -m pip install nox
-    - name: Run unit tests
+    - name: Run unit tests for ${{ matrix.package_shard.description }}
       env:
-        COVERAGE_FILE: .coverage-${{ matrix.python }}
         BUILD_TYPE: presubmit
         TARGET_BRANCH: ${{ github.base_ref || github.event.merge_group.base_ref }}
         TEST_TYPE: unit
         PY_VERSION: ${{ matrix.python }}
+        PACKAGE_LIST: ${{ matrix.package_shard.packages }}
       run: |
         ci/run_conditional_tests.sh
     - name: Upload coverage results
       uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:
-        name: coverage-artifact-${{ '{{' }} matrix.python {{ '}}' }}
-        path: .coverage-${{ matrix.python }}
+        name: coverage-artifact-${{ matrix.python }}-${{ matrix.package_shard.index }}
+        path: .coverage.${{ matrix.python }}.*
+        include-hidden-files: true
+
+  all-tests:
+    needs: [initialize, unit]
+    if: always()
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Check unit test results
+        run: |
+          # 1. Check initialize job
+          if [[ "${{ needs.initialize.result }}" != "success" ]]; then
+            echo "Error: The initialize job status was: ${{ needs.initialize.result }}"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          # 2. Check unit test shards
+          if [[ "${{ needs.unit.result }}" != "success" && "${{ needs.unit.result }}" != "skipped" ]]; then
+            echo "Unit tests failed"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "All unit tests passed or were skipped"
 
   cover:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -67,20 +116,84 @@ jobs:
         python-version: "3.10"
     - name: Set number of files changes in packages directory
       id: packages
-      run: echo "::set-output name=num_files_changed::$(git diff HEAD~1 -- packages | wc -l)"
+      run: echo "num_files_changed=$(git diff HEAD~1 -- packages | wc -l)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
     - name: Install coverage
-      if: steps.packages.num_files_changed > 0
+      if: steps.packages.outputs.num_files_changed > 0
       run: |
         python -m pip install --upgrade setuptools pip wheel
         python -m pip install coverage
     - name: Download coverage results
-      if: ${{ steps.date.packages.num_files_changed > 0 }}
+      if: steps.packages.outputs.num_files_changed > 0
       uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
       with:
         path: .coverage-results/
     - name: Report coverage results
-      if: ${{ steps.date.packages.num_files_changed > 0 }}
+      if: steps.packages.outputs.num_files_changed > 0
+      env:
+        # TODO: default to 100% coverage after next gapic-generator release
+        # https://github.com/googleapis/google-cloud-python/issues/17459
+        DEFAULT_FAIL_UNDER: 99
       run: |
-        find .coverage-results -type f -name '*.zip' -exec unzip {} \;
-        coverage combine .coverage-results/**/.coverage*
-        coverage report --show-missing --fail-under=100
+        if [ -d .coverage-results ]; then
+          find .coverage-results -type f -name '.coverage*' -exec mv {} . \;
+          coverage combine
+
+          # Find all modified packages
+          modified_packages=$(git diff --name-only HEAD~1 -- packages | cut -d/ -f1,2 | sort -u)
+
+          failed_packages=()
+          passed_packages=()
+
+          for pkg in ${modified_packages}; do
+            if [ -d "${pkg}" ]; then
+              echo "============================================================"
+              echo "Evaluating coverage for package: ${pkg}"
+              echo "============================================================"
+
+              set +e
+              if [ -f "${pkg}/.coveragerc" ]; then
+                echo "Using package-specific configuration: ${pkg}/.coveragerc"
+                # If fail_under is specified in the package-specific .coveragerc, coverage report
+                # will automatically enforce it. Otherwise, we enforce the default.
+                if grep -q "fail_under" "${pkg}/.coveragerc"; then
+                  coverage report --rcfile="${pkg}/.coveragerc" --include="${pkg}/**"
+                else
+                  echo "No fail_under specified in ${pkg}/.coveragerc, enforcing default"
+                  coverage report --rcfile="${pkg}/.coveragerc" --include="${pkg}/**" --fail-under="${DEFAULT_FAIL_UNDER}"
+                fi
+              else
+                echo "No .coveragerc found for ${pkg}, enforcing default"
+                coverage report --include="${pkg}/**" --fail-under="${DEFAULT_FAIL_UNDER}"
+              fi
+              status=$?
+              set -e
+
+              if [ ${status} -ne 0 ]; then
+                failed_packages+=("${pkg}")
+              else
+                passed_packages+=("${pkg}")
+              fi
+            fi
+          done
+
+          echo "============================================================"
+          echo "Coverage Evaluation Summary"
+          echo "============================================================"
+          if [ ${#passed_packages[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
+            echo "Passed packages:"
+            for pkg in "${passed_packages[@]}"; do
+              echo "  - ${pkg}"
+            done
+          fi
+          if [ ${#failed_packages[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
+            echo "Failed packages:"
+            for pkg in "${failed_packages[@]}"; do
+              echo "  - ${pkg}"
+            done
+            exit 1
+          fi
+        else
+          echo "Error: No coverage results were downloaded from the unit test jobs."
+          echo "This usually means the unit tests did not run or failed to upload their coverage files."
+          exit 1
+        fi
diff --git a/.kokoro/continuous/common.cfg b/.kokoro/continuous/common.cfg
index 175a4e8fd7a2..36cd039de187 100644
--- a/.kokoro/continuous/common.cfg
+++ b/.kokoro/continuous/common.cfg
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 action {
   define_artifacts {
     regex: "**/*sponge_log.xml"
+    regex: "**/*sponge_log.log"
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/.kokoro/presubmit/common.cfg b/.kokoro/presubmit/common.cfg
index 175a4e8fd7a2..36cd039de187 100644
--- a/.kokoro/presubmit/common.cfg
+++ b/.kokoro/presubmit/common.cfg
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 action {
   define_artifacts {
     regex: "**/*sponge_log.xml"
+    regex: "**/*sponge_log.log"
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/.kokoro/system-single.sh b/.kokoro/system-single.sh
index 0ec5ae7ebf1b..b75936bda820 100755
--- a/.kokoro/system-single.sh
+++ b/.kokoro/system-single.sh
@@ -32,4 +32,10 @@ NOX_FILE_ARG=""
 
 [[ -z "${NOX_FILE}" ]] || NOX_FILE_ARG="-f ${NOX_FILE}"
 
-python3 -m nox ${NOX_SESSION_ARG} $NOX_FILE_ARG
+NOX_ARGS=()
+if [[ -n "${XML_OUTPUT_FILE}" ]]; then
+  # Pass --junitxml as a positional argument to the underlying pytest call
+  NOX_ARGS+=("--junitxml=${XML_OUTPUT_FILE}")
+fi
+
+python3 -m nox ${NOX_SESSION_ARG} $NOX_FILE_ARG -- "${NOX_ARGS[@]}"
diff --git a/.kokoro/system.sh b/.kokoro/system.sh
index 469d0e81c7fa..a46758e3e11c 100755
--- a/.kokoro/system.sh
+++ b/.kokoro/system.sh
@@ -38,7 +38,18 @@ pwd
 run_package_test() {
   local package_name=$1
   local package_path="packages/${package_name}"
-  
+
+  # Create a dedicated directory for this package's artifacts
+  local artifact_dir="${KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/${package_name}"
+  mkdir -p "${artifact_dir}"
+
+  # Define standard output paths for logs and XML results
+  export XML_OUTPUT_FILE="${artifact_dir}/sponge_log.xml"
+  local log_file="${artifact_dir}/sponge_log.log"
+
+  # Isolate gcloud config for parallel execution
+  export CLOUDSDK_CONFIG=$(mktemp -d)
+
   # Declare local overrides to prevent bleeding into the next loop iteration
   local PROJECT_ID
   local GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS
@@ -48,6 +59,8 @@ run_package_test() {
 
   echo "------------------------------------------------------------"
   echo "Configuring environment for: ${package_name}"
+  echo "Log file: ${log_file}"
+  echo "XML results: ${XML_OUTPUT_FILE}"
   echo "------------------------------------------------------------"
 
   case "${package_name}" in
@@ -82,17 +95,86 @@ run_package_test() {
   # Run the actual test
   pushd "${package_path}" > /dev/null
   set +e
-  "${system_test_script}"
+  # *** CRITICAL: system-single.sh MUST use XML_OUTPUT_FILE to generate the JUnit XML ***
+  "${system_test_script}" > "${log_file}" 2>&1
   local res=$?
   set -e
   popd > /dev/null
-  
+
+  # Clean up isolated gcloud config
+  rm -rf "${CLOUDSDK_CONFIG}"
+
   return $res
 }
 
 # A file for running system tests
 system_test_script="${PROJECT_ROOT}/.kokoro/system-single.sh"
+# Ensure KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR is set, fallback to a local directory
+export KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR="${KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR:-${PROJECT_ROOT}/.artifacts}"
+
+# Parallel execution settings
+MAX_PARALLEL=4
+running_pids=()
+declare -A pid_to_pkg
+declare -A pid_to_resfile
+
+# Array to keep track of results for the final summary
+results=()
+handle_finished_job() {
+  local pid=$1
+  local pkg=${pid_to_pkg[$pid]}
+  local resfile=${pid_to_resfile[$pid]}
+  local pkg_log="${KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/${pkg}/sponge_log.log"
+
+  # wait $pid might fail if it was already reaped by wait -n, 
+  # so we ignore its exit code and use the resfile.
+  wait "$pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+
+  local res=1
+  if [ -s "$resfile" ]; then
+    res=$(cat "$resfile")
+    rm "$resfile"
+  else
+    # If the file is empty or missing, the subshell crashed early
+    res=1
+  fi
+
+  echo "============================================================"
+  echo "System tests for ${pkg} finished (Exit code: ${res})"
+  echo "Artifacts in: ${KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/${pkg}"
+  echo "============================================================"
 
+  # Print the package log to the console
+  if [ -f "${pkg_log}" ]; then
+    echo "--- Start of Logs for ${pkg} ---"
+    cat "${pkg_log}"
+    echo "--- End of Logs for ${pkg} ---"
+  else
+    echo "Console Fallback Warning: Log file not found at ${pkg_log}"
+  fi
+  echo ""
+
+  if [ -z "${res}" ] || [ "${res}" -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "============================================================"
+    echo "FAIL-FAST: System tests for ${pkg} failed!"
+    echo "Cancelling all remaining running background jobs..."
+    echo "============================================================"
+    
+    # Kill all other active background processes
+    for active_pid in "${running_pids[@]}"; do
+      if [ "$active_pid" != "$pid" ] && kill -0 "$active_pid" 2>/dev/null; then
+        pkg_to_cancel=${pid_to_pkg[$active_pid]}
+        echo "Cancelling active system tests for ${pkg_to_cancel} (PID: ${active_pid})..."
+        # Send SIGTERM to allow graceful cleanup of resources if possible, or SIGKILL
+        kill -9 "$active_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+      fi
+    done
+    
+    exit "${res}"
+  else
+    results+=("${pkg}: PASSED")
+  fi
+}
 # Run system tests for each package with directory packages/*/tests/system
 for path in `find 'packages' \
   \( -type d -wholename 'packages/*/tests/system' \) -o \
@@ -140,10 +222,55 @@ for path in `find 'packages' \
   set -e
 
   if [[ "${package_modified}" -gt 0 || "$KOKORO_BUILD_ARTIFACTS_SUBDIR" == *"continuous"* ]]; then
-      # Call the function - its internal exports won't affect the next loop
-      run_package_test "$package_name" || RETVAL=$?
+      # Wait if we have reached MAX_PARALLEL
+      while [[ ${#running_pids[@]} -ge $MAX_PARALLEL ]]; do
+        set +e
+        wait -n
+        set -e
+        # Find which job finished
+        new_pids=()
+        for pid in "${running_pids[@]}"; do
+          if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then
+            new_pids+=("$pid")
+          else
+            handle_finished_job "$pid"
+          fi
+        done
+        running_pids=("${new_pids[@]}")
+      done
+
+      # Start the next test in the background
+      res_file=$(mktemp)
+      (
+        if run_package_test "$package_name"; then
+          echo 0 > "$res_file"
+        else
+          res=$?
+          echo $res > "$res_file"
+        fi
+      ) &
+      pid=$!
+      running_pids+=($pid)
+      pid_to_pkg[$pid]=$package_name
+      pid_to_resfile[$pid]=$res_file
+      echo "Started system tests for ${package_name} (PID: ${pid})"
   else
       echo "No changes in ${package_name} and not a continuous build, skipping."
   fi
 done
+
+# Wait for all remaining jobs
+for pid in "${running_pids[@]}"; do
+  handle_finished_job "$pid"
+done
+
+echo "------------------------------------------------------------"
+echo "System Test Summary"
+echo "------------------------------------------------------------"
+for res in "${results[@]}"; do
+  echo "$res"
+done
+echo "------------------------------------------------------------"
+
 exit ${RETVAL}
+
diff --git a/ci/get_package_shards.py b/ci/get_package_shards.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a5599146abd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/get_package_shards.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import os
+import subprocess
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+
+def get_packages():
+    subdirs = ['packages']
+    packages = []
+    for subdir in subdirs:
+        if not os.path.exists(subdir):
+            continue
+        # Use the same sorting as the shell script
+        pkg_dirs = [os.path.join(subdir, d) + '/' for d in os.listdir(subdir) if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(subdir, d))]
+        packages.extend(sorted(pkg_dirs))
+    return packages
+
+def get_packages_to_test():
+    build_type = os.environ.get('BUILD_TYPE', 'presubmit')
+    target_branch = os.environ.get('TARGET_BRANCH', 'main')
+
+    all_packages = get_packages()
+
+    if build_type == 'presubmit':
+        git_diff_arg = f"origin/{target_branch}..."
+    elif build_type == 'continuous':
+        git_diff_arg = "HEAD~.."
+    else:
+        return all_packages
+
+    try:
+        res = subprocess.check_output(['git', 'diff', '--name-only', git_diff_arg]).decode('utf-8')
+        changed_files = res.splitlines()
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+        return all_packages
+
+    to_test = []
+    for pkg in all_packages:
+        # Check if any changed file starts with the package path
+        if any(f.startswith(pkg) for f in changed_files):
+            to_test.append(pkg)
+
+    return to_test
+
+def group_packages(packages):
+    if not packages:
+        return []
+
+    num_packages = len(packages)
+
+    # 1. Only shard if > 10 packages are being touched
+    # 2. Only add a new shard if any shard would have > 10 packages.
+    # To guarantee that no shard contains more than 10 packages (when distributed evenly),
+    # we need S >= N / 10, which means S = ceil(N / 10).
+    num_shards = math.ceil(num_packages / 10)
+
+    # Ensure at least 1 shard if we have packages
+    num_shards = max(1, num_shards)
+
+    # 3. Top out at 10 shards
+    num_shards = min(10, num_shards)
+
+    # Distribute packages between them as evenly as possible
+    shard_size = math.ceil(num_packages / num_shards)
+
+    shards = []
+    for i in range(num_shards):
+        start = i * shard_size
+        end = min((i + 1) * shard_size, num_packages)
+        if start >= num_packages:
+            break
+        shard_packages = packages[start:end]
+        index = i + 1
+        name = f"Shard {index}"
+        num_in_shard = len(shard_packages)
+        # Calculate a descriptive range for step visibility
+        if len(shard_packages) == 1:
+            desc = shard_packages[0].strip('/').split('/')[-1]
+        else:
+            desc = f"{shard_packages[0].strip('/').split('/')[-1]}...{shard_packages[-1].strip('/').split('/')[-1]} ({num_in_shard} packages)"
+
+        shards.append({
+            "name": name,
+            "index": index,
+            "description": desc,
+            "packages": " ".join(shard_packages),
+            "is_sharded": num_shards > 1
+        })
+    return shards
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    packages = get_packages_to_test()
+    shards = group_packages(packages)
+    print(json.dumps(shards))
diff --git a/ci/run_conditional_tests.sh b/ci/run_conditional_tests.sh
index 9b8eaee52e5b..fb68904ead6a 100755
--- a/ci/run_conditional_tests.sh
+++ b/ci/run_conditional_tests.sh
@@ -47,13 +47,39 @@ git config --global url."${PROJECT_ROOT}".insteadOf "https://github.com/googleap
 # A script file for running the test in a sub project.
 test_script="${PROJECT_ROOT}/ci/run_single_test.sh"
 
+if [ -n "${PACKAGE_LIST}" ]; then
+    echo "Using provided PACKAGE_LIST"
+    to_test=(${PACKAGE_LIST})
+    RETVAL=0
+    for d in ${to_test[@]}; do
+        echo "running test in ${d}"
+        pushd ${d}
+        set +e
+        
+        # Ensure unique coverage file per package to avoid DataError
+        # when combining statement and branch coverage.
+        # Strip trailing slash from directory name for the filename.
+        pkg_name_clean=$(echo ${d} | sed 's|/$||' | sed 's|/|_|g')
+        export COVERAGE_FILE="${PROJECT_ROOT}/.coverage.${PY_VERSION}.${pkg_name_clean}"
+        
+        ${test_script}
+        ret=$?
+        set -e
+        if [ ${ret} -ne 0 ]; then
+            RETVAL=${ret}
+        fi
+        popd
+    done
+    exit ${RETVAL}
+fi
+
 if [[ ${BUILD_TYPE} == "presubmit" ]]; then
     # For presubmit build, we want to know the difference from the
     # common commit in the target branch.
     GIT_DIFF_ARG="origin/$TARGET_BRANCH..."
 
     # Then fetch enough history for finding the common commit.
-    git fetch origin "$TARGET_BRANCH" --deepen=200
+    git fetch origin "$TARGET_BRANCH" --deepen=200 || true
 
 elif [[ ${BUILD_TYPE} == "continuous" ]]; then
     # For continuous build, we want to know the difference in the last
@@ -61,31 +87,33 @@ elif [[ ${BUILD_TYPE} == "continuous" ]]; then
     GIT_DIFF_ARG="HEAD~.."
 
     # Then fetch one last commit for getting the diff.
-    git fetch origin "$TARGET_BRANCH" --deepen=1
+    git fetch origin "$TARGET_BRANCH" --deepen=1 || true
 
 else
     # Run everything.
     GIT_DIFF_ARG=""
 fi
 
-# Then detect changes in the test scripts.
-
-set +e
-git diff --quiet ${GIT_DIFF_ARG} ci
-changed=$?
-set -e
-
-# Now we have a fixed list, but we can change it to autodetect if
-# necessary.
-
+# Sharding logic (fallback for manual runs)
 subdirs=(
     packages
 )
+TOTAL_SHARDS="${TOTAL_SHARDS:-1}"
+SHARD_INDEX="${SHARD_INDEX:-1}"
+count=0
 
 RETVAL=0
 
 for subdir in ${subdirs[@]}; do
-    for d in `ls -d ${subdir}/*/`; do
+    # Sort the directories to ensure consistent sharding across jobs
+    for d in `ls -d ${subdir}/*/ | sort`; do
+        # Sharding logic: only process directories that belong to this shard
+        if (( count % TOTAL_SHARDS != SHARD_INDEX - 1 )); then
+            ((++count))
+            continue
+        fi
+        ((++count))
+
         should_test=false
         if [ -n "${GIT_DIFF_ARG}" ]; then
             echo "checking changes with 'git diff --quiet ${GIT_DIFF_ARG} ${d}'"
@@ -108,6 +136,13 @@ for subdir in ${subdirs[@]}; do
             pushd ${d}
             # Temporarily allow failure.
             set +e
+            
+            # Ensure unique coverage file per package to avoid DataError
+            # when combining statement and branch coverage.
+            # Strip trailing slash from directory name for the filename.
+            pkg_name_clean=$(echo ${d} | sed 's|/$||' | sed 's|/|_|g')
+            export COVERAGE_FILE="${PROJECT_ROOT}/.coverage.${PY_VERSION}.${pkg_name_clean}"
+            
             ${test_script}
             ret=$?
             set -e
diff --git a/packages/google-backstory/SHARD_TEST.txt b/packages/google-backstory/SHARD_TEST.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7ac1b35614f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/google-backstory/SHARD_TEST.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Test change for sharding
diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-apiregistry/SHARD_TEST.txt b/packages/google-cloud-apiregistry/SHARD_TEST.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7ac1b35614f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/google-cloud-apiregistry/SHARD_TEST.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Test change for sharding
diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-bigtable/SHARD_TEST.txt b/packages/google-cloud-bigtable/SHARD_TEST.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7ac1b35614f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/google-cloud-bigtable/SHARD_TEST.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Test change for sharding
diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-ces/SHARD_TEST.txt b/packages/google-cloud-ces/SHARD_TEST.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7ac1b35614f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/google-cloud-ces/SHARD_TEST.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Test change for sharding
diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-chronicle/SHARD_TEST.txt b/packages/google-cloud-chronicle/SHARD_TEST.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7ac1b35614f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/google-cloud-chronicle/SHARD_TEST.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Test change for sharding
diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-dataproc/SHARD_TEST.txt b/packages/google-cloud-dataproc/SHARD_TEST.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7ac1b35614f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/google-cloud-dataproc/SHARD_TEST.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Test change for sharding
diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-firestore/.coveragerc b/packages/google-cloud-firestore/.coveragerc
index 4c355f6455c1..66bbde8955a9 100644
--- a/packages/google-cloud-firestore/.coveragerc
+++ b/packages/google-cloud-firestore/.coveragerc
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 branch = True
 
 [report]
+fail_under = 99
 show_missing = True
 omit =
     google/cloud/firestore/__init__.py
diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-firestore/SHARD_TEST.txt b/packages/google-cloud-firestore/SHARD_TEST.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7ac1b35614f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/google-cloud-firestore/SHARD_TEST.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Test change for sharding
diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-gke-multicloud/SHARD_TEST.txt b/packages/google-cloud-gke-multicloud/SHARD_TEST.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7ac1b35614f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/google-cloud-gke-multicloud/SHARD_TEST.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Test change for sharding
diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-managedkafka/SHARD_TEST.txt b/packages/google-cloud-managedkafka/SHARD_TEST.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7ac1b35614f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/google-cloud-managedkafka/SHARD_TEST.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Test change for sharding
diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-optimization/SHARD_TEST.txt b/packages/google-cloud-optimization/SHARD_TEST.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7ac1b35614f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/google-cloud-optimization/SHARD_TEST.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Test change for sharding
diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-retail/SHARD_TEST.txt b/packages/google-cloud-retail/SHARD_TEST.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7ac1b35614f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/google-cloud-retail/SHARD_TEST.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Test change for sharding
diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-spanner/.coveragerc b/packages/sqlalchemy-spanner/.coveragerc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d09941ce0eb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-spanner/.coveragerc
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+[run]
+branch = True
+omit =
+  google/__init__.py
+  google/cloud/sqlalchemy_spanner/requirements.py
+
+[report]
+fail_under = 0
+show_missing = True
+exclude_lines =
+    # Re-enable the standard pragma
+    pragma: NO COVER
+    # Ignore debug-only repr
+    def __repr__
+    # Ignore abstract methods
+    raise NotImplementedError
+omit =
+  */site-packages/*.py
+  google/__init__.py
+  google/cloud/sqlalchemy_spanner/requirements.py
diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-spanner/SHARD_TEST.txt b/packages/sqlalchemy-spanner/SHARD_TEST.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7ac1b35614f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-spanner/SHARD_TEST.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Test change for sharding
diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-spanner/noxfile.py b/packages/sqlalchemy-spanner/noxfile.py
index 187d4e7e8924..8adeb9388354 100644
--- a/packages/sqlalchemy-spanner/noxfile.py
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-spanner/noxfile.py
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ class = StreamHandler
 UNIT_TEST_STANDARD_DEPENDENCIES = [
     "mock",
     "pytest",
+    "pytest-cov",
 ]
 
 UNIT_TEST_EXTERNAL_DEPENDENCIES = [
@@ -368,7 +369,18 @@ def unit(session, test_type):
             *UNIT_TEST_DEPENDENCIES,
         )
         session.install(".")
-        session.run("py.test", "--quiet", os.path.join("tests/unit"), *session.posargs)
+        session.run(
+            "py.test",
+            "--quiet",
+            "--cov=google.cloud.sqlalchemy_spanner",
+            "--cov=tests/unit",
+            "--cov-append",
+            "--cov-config=.coveragerc",
+            "--cov-report=",
+            "--cov-fail-under=0",
+            os.path.join("tests/unit"),
+            *session.posargs,
+        )
         return