diff --git a/src/zarr/storage/_obstore.py b/src/zarr/storage/_obstore.py
index ffea523f9f..51ff13b851 100644
--- a/src/zarr/storage/_obstore.py
+++ b/src/zarr/storage/_obstore.py
@@ -267,7 +267,14 @@ async def _transform_list_dir(
     for path in chain(
         list_result["common_prefixes"], map(itemgetter("path"), list_result["objects"])
     ):
-        yield _relativize_path(path=path, prefix=prefix)
+        # Skip entries that exactly match the prefix or are the prefix with a trailing slash.
+        # These represent the prefix itself rather than children.
+        if path == prefix or path == f"{prefix}/":
+            continue
+        relative = _relativize_path(path=path, prefix=prefix)
+        if relative == "":
+            continue
+        yield relative
 
 
 class _BoundedRequest(TypedDict):
diff --git a/tests/test_store/test_object.py b/tests/test_store/test_object.py
index 6a4b796639..fc3544eb3d 100644
--- a/tests/test_store/test_object.py
+++ b/tests/test_store/test_object.py
@@ -96,6 +96,16 @@ async def test_store_getsize_prefix(self, store: ObjectStore[LocalStore]) -> Non
         total_size = await store.getsize_prefix("c")
         assert total_size == len(buf) * 2
 
+    async def test_list_dir_prefix_object(self, store: ObjectStore[LocalStore]) -> None:
+        """list_dir should not raise ValueError when an object keyed like the prefix exists."""
+        buf = cpu.Buffer.from_bytes(b"\x00")
+        # Create an object whose key is exactly the prefix with a trailing slash.
+        await self.set(store, "g/", buf)
+        # list_dir("g") should not raise even though "g/" looks like the prefix itself.
+        result = [k async for k in store.list_dir("g")]
+        # The entry should not appear as an empty string or raise.
+        assert result == []
+
 
 @pytest.mark.slow_hypothesis
 def test_zarr_hierarchy() -> None: