[codex] Refactor TablePro architecture follow-up

[datlechin]

Summary

Stacked follow-up on #1583 (codex/plugin-ddl-cleanup). This PR carries the remaining architecture cleanup/source changes so the stack can be merged sequentially.

• Moves shared query/dialect/sync contracts into TableProCore and desktop-specific sync implementations into desktop-named types.
• Refines execution safety, query generation, storage state stores, MCP/tool wiring, plugin adapters, import/export flows, and related view-model/view integration points.
• Updates macOS/mobile call sites and adds focused regression coverage for query dialects, storage stores, AI/MCP helpers, plugin result mapping, and sync-safe-mode behavior.

Stack

1. [codex] Refactor plugin SQL builders #1583 - plugin DDL cleanup (codex/plugin-ddl-cleanup)
2. This PR - full architecture refactor follow-up (codex/full-refactor-followup)

Validation

• git diff --check HEAD^..HEAD
• swift test --package-path Packages/TableProCore

Notes

• Root .diff patch artifacts and .claude/scheduled_tasks.lock are intentionally excluded from this PR.
• [codex] Refactor plugin SQL builders #1583 currently still needs its PluginKit ABI gate handled before this follow-up can merge cleanly into main.